Apollo

In 1959 Bill Kaysing predicted that at that time, the chances of getting a man to the moon and back alive were 0.0014%, taking into account radiation and micro meteors.

Just 2 years later US president J.F.Kennedy made his famous speech.

“I believe that this nation should commit itself. To achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind or more important for the long range exploration of Space.”

Eight years later in on the 16th of July 1969, Apollo 11 was launched on a mission to the moon and back, carrying three people. On the 20th of July Apollo 11 landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong stepped out of the Lunar Module (LM) in front of a watching world, climbed down the ladder and said those famous words.

Photographs are the main argument for the conspiracy believers, as there are thousands of photographs that have anomalies on them. (i.e.: different directions on shadows, things ‘highlighted’.) Because of these anomalies, the photos are believed fake by the conspiracy followers. These people reason “why create fake photos of something that really happened?”

Either.

l. The moon landing was faked.

OR

2. Aliens are on the moon, and are seen on many of the photos and have been replaced with fake ones.

The most constant argument that the photos (and the videos) are faked is simply that there are no stars in the sky. (See all Apollo images).

But there is a very reasonable explanation, the cameras that the Apollo mission used, had manual light filters, (a bit like the pupil of your eye). The Sun reflects off of the moons surface and the white suits of the astronauts. Making both exceptionally bright, while the stars (because they are so far away) are quite dim.

Another problem with the photos can be seen in the next two images below.

Several astronauts seem to be lit up, as if they were standing in a spot light, even though they are in a large shadow!

Many hoax debunking theories have been made to explain this. The most popular explanation is the Earth gives off its own light that highlights the astronauts. But if the Earth gave off that much light, then a shadow would appear behind each person, and there would be multiple shadows in every moon photo. The Earth does give off some light but not enough to hi-light.

Instead, this anomaly is due to the reflectiveness of the moon. The sun light hits the moons surface, and reflects onto the astronaut ‘hi-lighting’ him.

On all of the cameras there is a + in the middle of the lens to help with distance but on some of the pictures objects overlap the plus. This suggests that the plus was added later.

But the answer for this is simple. If you notice, all of the overlapping objects are bright and white. Because of this, the colour background bleeds into the thin cross, making the cross fade/disappear.

The two images below especially show that if the plus is on a bright colour, then the plus disappears.

But there is still one problem with one of the photos, on the bottom left corner, there is a rock with the letter c ‘engraved’ on it. What more, the letter c is commonly used on movie props.

The most consistently seen argument of moon hoax believers, is why, in a land with no air, the American flag stands up and waves, instead of falling down to the ground? And yes, if you look closely at the moon flag video clip, (Realtime player required.) it does appear as if Neil is fighting with the USA flag. But, if you look even closer, you can see that the flag is only flapping when Neil is holding it, and trying to twist the flag into the ground. (You can’t see this that well because of convenient editing.). Because of this the flag waving can be accounted for by Neil twisting the pole.

Radiation would kill the astronauts

Many conspiracists believe that NASA never left the Earth’s atmosphere, because of the amount of radiation in The Van Allen radiation belt would kill an astronaut. But with help from other sources (thanks clavius moon base) We can determine if this is true. The American legal radiation limit below are a helpful.

If a worker must deal with radioactive materials in the course of his job, his legal limit is higher: 5 rem (50 millisieverts, mSv) per year. If a worker is in the vicinity of radioactive materials but does not work with them, the limit is 0.1 rem (1 mSv). For persons younger than 18 and pregnant women, the occupational exposure is 0.5 (5 mSv) per year. These are measurements above the natural background radiation limits, and are measured by dosimeters and other equipment in the area where the exposure takes place. (Standards for Protection Against Radiation. 10 CFR § 20.)

Wether the conspiracy was possible or if there was a motive for faking the landings, is a big part of the moon hoax.

Many conspiracy debunkers say that there was no reason for the US to fake the moon landings.

This is false, as at the time America was publicly losing the space race, as Russia had put the:

First man/woman in space.
First animal in space.
First three person mission in space.
And the first space station in orbit.

Even though these landmarks were achieved using crude methods, (i.e. putting a man on a rocket or adding a extra man on a two maned spaceship) to the public eye, it would seem as if the US were losing the space race. And ‘IF’, and only if the US couldn’t put a man on the moon in time, then the deadline that JFK set, and public pressure, could have forced the government to fake a moon landing.